Stay Current with GSS
The GSS google group receives “Stay Current” weekly emails with excerpts and links to articles. To join, email gssmail@berkeley.edu with subject line “Join GSS” and in the body your name, city, state, country, and school (if any).
“Stay Current” links are in the Contents table in each book. If a news source limits the number of articles one person can read for free, try “divide and conquer” with different students reading and reporting to the class on different articles.
See updates from 2025 -|- 2024 -|- 2023 -|- 2022 -|- 2021
RECENT UPDATES (2026)
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2026-01-28. Earth-size planet spotted with yearlong orbit. By Elise Cutts, Science. Excerpt: Astronomers are planning ambitious telescopes to search for signs of life on distant planets. A newly discovered world, announced here last week at the Rocky Worlds conference and published yesterday in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, might just be the perfect target. The planet, called HD 137010 b, is almost exactly Earth-size. At 355 days, its orbit is almost exactly Earth-like, too. And its star is bright and just 146 light-years away–close enough to be observed in detail with future telescopes…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/earth-size-planet-spotted-yearlong-orbit. For GSS A Changing Cosmos, chapter 8.
2026-01-28. Court Orders the Netherlands to Protect a Caribbean Island From Climate Change. By Karen Zraick, The New York Times. Excerpt: A Dutch court ruled on Wednesday that the Netherlands violated the human rights of residents of the tiny Caribbean island of Bonaire, a Dutch territory, by failing to protect them from the effects of climate change. …In a statement accompanying Wednesday’s decision, the court said, “There is no good reason why measures for the inhabitants of Bonaire, who will be affected by climate change sooner and more severely, should be taken later and less systematically than for the inhabitants of the European part of the Netherlands.”… Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/28/climate/netherlands-bonaire-climate-ruling.html. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 9.
2026-01-28. JWST spots most distant galaxy ever, pushing the limits of the observable universe. By Jackie Flynn Mogensen, Scientific American. Excerpt: The galaxy MoM-z14 could offer clues to what the universe looked like in its early infancy. …On Wednesday astronomers on announced that a bright galaxy called MoM-z14 that was found using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the farthest yet detected, existing just 280 million years after the big bang. …The galaxy, the light of which has taken more than 13 billion years to reach our telescopes, is brighter, denser and more chemically rich than astronomers had expected, according to NASA…. Full article at https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jwst-spots-most-distant-galaxy-ever-pushing-the-limits-of-the-observable/. For GSS A Changing Cosmos, chapter 9.
2026-01-27. Wildfire Smoke Linked to 17,000 Strokes Annually in the United States. By Emily Gardner, Eos/AGU. Excerpt: A study of 25 million Medicare participants adds to a body of evidence suggesting that prolonged exposure to wildfire smoke is more harmful to human health than other forms of air pollution…. Full article at https://eos.org/articles/wildfire-smoke-linked-to-17000-strokes-annually-in-the-united-states. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 8.
2026-01-27. What Americans Lose If Their National Center for Atmospheric Research Is Dismantled. By Carlos Martinez, Eos/AGU. Excerpt: Five ways dismantling NCAR will cost the American people, and two ways to save it. …the Trump administration plans to dismantle the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), a federally funded institution that underpins critical science that Americans rely on. …1. Air Travelers Will Lose Protection. …2. Food Security and the U.S. Agricultural Economy Will Be Put at Risk. …3. U.S. National Security and Military Readiness Will Be Weakened. …4. Americans in Disaster-Prone Areas Will Have Less Time to Prepare for, and Evacuate from, Extreme Weather. …5. Americans Lose a Unique Source of National Pride. …What We Must Do Now. …This moment demands more than concern—it requires action. First, NSF is requesting feedback regarding its intent to restructure NCAR. …Respond, and inform NSF about the value and benefits of all of NCAR, not only its constituent parts. Readers can submit comments through 13 March. Second, Congress ultimately holds the authority to fund and protect NCAR, and lawmakers need to hear clearly that dismantling it would put the health, safety, and financial stability of Americans at risk. …Readers can contact their members of Congress through easy-to-use resources provided by AGU and the Union of Concerned Scientists…. Full article at https://eos.org/opinions/what-americans-lose-if-their-national-center-for-atmospheric-research-is-dismantled. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 9.
2026-01-26. Tidal waves of lava may slosh around alien worlds. By Elise Cutts, Science. Excerpt: Towering tidal waves of lava could be rolling around hot alien worlds, researchers reported last week, here at the Rocky Worlds conference and in a preprint posted on arXiv this month. The Sun and Moon drive tides on Earth, but these tidal waves would be tugged up by the intense gravitational forces endured by planets in tight orbits around their stars. For instance, lava tidal waves on the blazing-hot exoplanet 55 Cancri e—a rocky world that orbits its star every 18 hours—could rise several hundred meters high and surge at the speed of a human sprinter, says Mohammad Farhat, a planetary scientist at the University of California (UC), Berkeley who presented the modeling study. …Scientists often look for alien air by taking the temperatures of planets’ dayside hemispheres. The presence of an atmosphere would spread heat around to the nightside, making the dayside look cooler than expected for a bare rock. But if lava waves can melt deep magma oceans and create wandering blobs of hot material, it raises questions about whether it would mimic the observational signal of an atmosphere…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/tidal-waves-lava-may-slosh-around-alien-worlds. For GSS A Changing Cosmos, chapter 8.
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2026-01-. TEMPLATE. By . Excerpt: … Full article at URL. For GSS BOOK, chapter .
2026-01-22. Energy Dept. Says It Is Canceling $30 Billion in Clean Energy Loans. By Brad Plumer, The New York Times. Excerpt: Many of the cancellations had been known for months, but the announcement underscored the drastic change in the energy landscape under President Trump. The Energy Department said on Thursday that it was in the process of revising or canceling more than $83 billion in loans for clean energy technologies that had been approved under the Biden administration. The announcement came from the agency’s loan programs office, which played a central role in the Biden administration’s efforts to develop new technologies to fight climate change. Under President Joseph R. Biden Jr., that office finalized or issued conditional commitments for roughly $104 billion in lending for battery factories, transmission lines, hydrogen plants and many other projects. The Trump administration has sought to reshape the agency and renamed it the Office of Energy Dominance Financing. Last year, the energy secretary, Chris Wright, announced a sweeping review of the office’s loan obligations…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/22/climate/energy-dept-says-it-is-canceling-30-billion-in-clean-energy-loans.html. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 9.
2026-01-20. As Greenland loses ice, global sea levels will rise—and its own will fall. By Evan Howell, Science. Excerpt: Seas will rise this century—but not uniformly…. In the very places where glaciers are melting and shrinking, the land beneath will rebound as the burden eases, meaning seas may fall even as the meltwater causes them to rise elsewhere. A new study shows that in Greenland—whose rapidly melting ice sheet accounts for about one-fifth of current sea level rise—this paradox will mean expanding coastlines, dried-up fjords, and future complications. Published today in Nature Communications, the research shows portions of Greenland’s coast will rebound far more sharply than expected, causing seas to fall by anywhere from 1 to nearly 4 meters by 2100. Western and southern Greenland…will likely bear the brunt of the retreat, posing major problems for shipping and food security. …Changes in the mass of Greenland’s enormous ice sheet, which is roughly three times the size of Texas and in some places more than 3 kilometers thick, are the culprit. …As it melts, the underlying land springs back and rises, effectively lowering relative sea levels. …For decades, researchers thought only the planet’s springy crust could respond on human timescales, rebounding by small amounts. Below the crust, the mantle’s slow, honeylike heave was thought to take millennia to relax. But …Scientists now show that when the ice shrinks, the mantle flows faster than expected, to the point that this supposedly “long-term” process kicks in within decades. …This study also builds on evidence from the past. For instance, geologic traces from a cold snap known as the Little Ice Age—roughly spanning the 14th through the 19th centuries, which may have hastened the Vikings’ departure from Greenland—show glacier volumes and sea level shifted quickly…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/greenland-loses-ice-global-sea-levels-will-rise-and-its-own-will-fall. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 8.
2026-01-18. China’s Birthrate Plunges to Lowest Level Since 1949. By Alexandra Stevenson, The New York Times. Excerpt: Declaring childbirth a patriotic act. Nagging newlyweds about family planning. Taxing condoms. To get its citizens to have babies, the Chinese Communist Party has pulled every lever. The efforts have largely failed. For the fourth year in a row, China reported more deaths than births in 2025 as its birthrate plunged to a record low, leaving its population smaller and older. …The number of births for every 1,000 people fell to 5.63, the lowest level on record since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, according to official government data. …Around the world, governments are contending with falling birthrates. But the problem is more acute for China: Fewer babies mean fewer future workers to support a rapidly growing cohort of retirees…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/18/business/china-population-data.html. See also Real Estate Crash Weighs on China’s Economic Growth. For GSS Population Growth, chapter 6.
2026-01-17. World’s First Treaty to Protect the High Seas Becomes Law. By Sachi Kitajima Mulkey, The New York Times. Excerpt: Over two decades after negotiations began, the High Seas Treaty is designed to protect biodiversity in international waters by enabling conservation zones. …The United Nations discussed the treaty for more than two decades, and formal negotiations began in 2017. The final text makes it possible for countries to create environmentally protected zones in international waters and includes requirements for new ocean industries. …In September, Morocco became the 60th country to ratify the High Seas Treaty, triggering a 120-day countdown for it to become international law. There are now 83 countries that have ratified it, though the United States has not…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/17/climate/high-seas-treaty-law.html. For GSS Losing Biodiversity, chapter 7.
2026-01-13. How to cool down African homes—and keep mosquitoes out. By Abdullahi Tsanni, Science. Excerpt: Painting roofs white and adding screens to doors and windows is a low-cost way to increase comfort and curb malaria risk. …a study published last week in Nature Medicine…. In the Kenyan countryside, the roofs of houses are typically made of corrugated zinc sheets. They absorb so much heat during the daytime that the rooms stay hot at night, forcing occupants to leave windows and doors open and exposing their homes to disease-carrying mosquitoes…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/how-cool-down-african-homes-and-keep-mosquitoes-out. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 8.
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2026-01-16. Survival on the move. By Science Advisor. Excerpt: Scientists suspected that the arrangement of continents and islands—a concept called paleogeography—might have played an important role in past mass extinctions. To find out, a team combined analyses of more than 325,000 fossil invertebrates with reconstructions of how the continents looked over 540 million years. …they found that animals living along coastlines running east to west, like in the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Mexico, were historically more vulnerable to extinction than those living along north-south oriented stretches like the United States’ modern Pacific and Atlantic coasts. That’s because, during periods of climate change, temperatures typically change along horizontal bands; animals with freedom to head north or south can escape to cooler polar zones. “This work confirms what many paleontologists and biologists have suspected for years—that a species’ ability to migrate to different latitudes is vital for survival,” said author Erin Saupe in a statement. The results could help explain some of the varied severity of past mass extinctions, since certain continental arrangements could have blocked more animals’ north-south movement. Today, write the authors, the finding should renew the focus on animals in isolated habitats that won’t be able to migrate due to global warming…. Paper at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv2627. For GSS Life and Climate, chapter 7.
2026-01-15. Inside the World’s First Climate-neutral Cruise—Powered by Garbage. By Ryan Craggs, Travel + Leisure. Excerpt: In Norway, the Havila Polaris is sailing on liquefied biogas and battery power, making it the world’s first climate-neutral cruise. …Norway built the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund by selling oil; Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global, a $2 trillion nest egg, was built almost entirely on North Sea oil and gas revenues. Now it’s spending that money to prove you don’t need oil at all. As of Jan. 1, 2026, Norwegian regulations require zero emissions for passenger ships under 10,000 gross tons operating in the country’s five UNESCO World Heritage fjords, with larger vessels facing the same mandate in 2032…. Full article at https://www.travelandleisure.com/worlds-first-climate-neutral-cruise-powered-by-garbage-havila-polaris-11885603. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 9.
2026-01-15. In fish, low doses of common pesticide speed aging and death. By Erik Stokstad, Sciencr. Excerpt: Chronic exposure to pesticides and other pollutants can devastate wildlife populations—sometimes in dramatically obvious ways. By thinning birds’ eggshells, for example, DDT caused brooding bald eagles to crush their unhatched offspring. But more often, the exact cause of harm remains a mystery. Now, a study finds that a widely used insecticide, chlorpyrifos, speeds up aging in a common lake fish by shortening the protective caps on its chromosomes, and leads to its premature death…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/fish-low-doses-common-pesticide-speed-aging-and-death. For GSS Losing Biodiversity, chapter 7.
2026-01-14. Why Greenland Matters for a Warming World. By Somini Sengupta, The New York Times. Excerpt: …the fate of the world’s largest island has outsize importance for billions of people on the planet. That’s because of the one thing that Greenland is quickly losing: ice. Most of Greenland’s landmass…is covered in ice. That ice is melting rapidly because the polar regions of the world are warming rapidly, with wide-ranging consequences for the stability of the Earth’s climate. Blame the burning of coal, oil and gas. Their emissions have driven up global temperatures, most strikingly in the Arctic, which is warming at least twice as fast as the rest of the planet. As the Arctic warms, potential new trading routes open up, as well as access to mineral riches, including those that are vital for clean energy technologies useful for slowing climate change…. …In the 12 months ending on Aug. 31, 2025, Greenland lost 105 billion metric tons of ice, according to scientists at the Danish Meteorological Institute, who published their findings in Carbon Brief, an online publication. …Greenland’s ice sheet has been thinning for the past 29 years. It shrank by nearly 2,000 square miles from 1985 to 2022, according to a study published in Nature. …Melting ice means more fresh water in the ocean, which raises sea levels, which can be dangerous for coastal regions all over the world. The global sea level has gone up by about four inches since 1993. …If all the ice of Greenland were to melt — albeit an impossible proposition during this century — that could result in 23 feet of sea-level rise, or 7.4 meters, scientists say. Rising sea levels makes flooding worse during storms and high tides…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/14/world/europe/greenland-climate.html. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 8.
2026-01-13. The Arctic’s ‘last ice area’ is showing signs of weakness. By Rachel Berkowitz, Science. Excerpt: Plugged with the world’s oldest and thickest sea ice, the fjords of the Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI), in the northernmost Canadian Arctic, have long been impenetrable to icebreaker ships. But even here, in a place where climate models predict ice will persist the longest, global warming is taking its toll. Last summer, when the Canadian Coast Guard ship Amundsen conducted the first comprehensive oceanographic research mission through the QEI archipelago, the ice “was much easier to go through than we expected,” says Amundsen Capt. Pascal Pellerin. Floes once several meters thick were broken and soft…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/arctic-s-last-ice-area-showing-signs-weakness. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 8.
2026-01-13. 2025: A Year of Fire and Floods. By Sachi Kitajima Mulkey, The New York Times. Excerpt: Last year — the third-warmest in modern history — opened with history-making fires in Los Angeles and closed with catastrophic floods in the United States and Southeast Asia. The intervening months were punctuated with disasters and extreme weather across the globe. All the while, emissions of greenhouse gases climbed to new heights as the world burned coal, oil and gas for energy. Excess heat building up in the atmosphere and the oceans creates conditions that can exacerbate extreme weather. Here are some of the notable events that marked 2025. …Wildfires…Heat…Storms…Extreme Precipitation… Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/13/climate/2025-extreme-weather.html. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 8.
2026-01-13. US carbon pollution rose in 2025 in reversal of previous years’ reductions. By Associated Press/The Guardian. Excerpt: In a reversal from previous years’ pollution reductions, the United States spewed 2.4% more heat-trapping gases from the burning of fossil fuels in 2025 than in the year before, researchers calculated in a study released on Tuesday. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions is attributable to a combination of a cool winter, the explosive growth of datacenters and cryptocurrency mining, and higher natural gas prices, according to the Rhodium Group, an independent research firm. Environmental policy rollbacks by Donald Trump’s administration were not significant factors in the increase because they were only put in place this year, the study authors said. Heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas are the major cause of worsening global warming, scientists say. US emissions of carbon dioxide and methane had dropped 20% from 2005 to 2024, with a few one- or two-year increases in the overall downward trend. Traditionally, carbon pollution has risen alongside economic growth, but efforts to boost cleaner energy in recent years decoupled the two, so emissions would drop as gross domestic product rose.… Full article at https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/13/us-carbon-emissions-increase-2025. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 6.
2026-01-13. Photos Capture the Breathtaking Scale of China’s Wind and Solar Buildout. By YaleEnvironment360. Excerpt: Last year China installed more than half of all wind and solar added globally. In May alone, it added enough renewable energy to power Poland, installing solar panels at a rate of roughly 100 every second…. Full article at https://e360.yale.edu/digest/china-renewable-photo-essay. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 10.
2026-01-12. US judge lets Danish firm resume Rhode Island offshore wind project halted by Trump. By Reuters/The Guardian. Excerpt: A federal judge on Monday cleared the Danish offshore wind developer Ørsted to resume work on its nearly finished Revolution Wind project, which Donald Trump’s administration halted along with four other projects last month. The ruling by US district judge Royce Lamberth is a legal setback for Trump, who has sought to block expansion of offshore wind in federal waters. Ørsted’s Revolution Wind lawsuit is one of several filed by offshore wind companies and states seeking to reverse the interior department’s 22 December suspension of five offshore wind leases over what it said were national security concerns…. Full article at https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/jan/12/orsted-rhode-island-wind-project-trump. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 10.
2026-01-08. Outrage as Trump withdraws from key UN climate treaty along with dozens of international organisations. By Oliver Milman, The Guardian. Excerpt: Donald Trump has sparked outrage by announcing the US will exit the foundational international agreement to address the climate crisis, cementing the US’s utter isolation from the global effort to confront dangerously escalating temperatures. In a presidential memorandum issued on Wednesday, Trump withdrew from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), along with 65 other organizations, agencies and commissions, calling them “contrary to the interests of the United States”. The UNFCCC treaty forms the bedrock of international cooperation to deal with the climate crisis and has been agreed to by every country in the world since its inception 34 years ago. The US Senate ratified the treaty in October 1992…. Full article at https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/07/trump-international-groups-un. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 9.
2026-01-07. All the climate info that disappeared under Trump. And how it’s being saved. By Chelsea Harvey, E&E News by Politico. Excerpt: The National Climate Assessments. Climate.gov. The billion-dollar disaster database. Hundreds of scientific datasets. They’re all government resources that have been altered, deleted or curtailed since President Donald Trump returned to office nearly one year ago. Now, all of those resources have been rescued, in some form or another, by organizations that are determined to combat Trump’s cuts to federal science. But whether these grassroots missions are making a difference — or are able to fully replace their canceled counterparts — is hard to say. Even as some efforts to preserve the information show promise for purposes like public education or climate-related lawsuits, they’re also running up against big challenges…. Full article at https://www.eenews.net/articles/all-the-climate-info-that-disappeared-under-trump-and-how-its-being-saved/. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 9.
2026-01-06. Against all odds, a curious sea creature survived the dino-killing asteroid. By Taylor Mitchell Brown, Science. Excerpt: About 66 million years ago, an asteroid 14 kilometers across struck today’s Yucatán Peninsula in southeastern Mexico, ejecting millions of tons of debris, creating a tsunami 4.5 kilometers high, and engulfing the world in caustic ash and flames. The calamity drove 75% of life on Earth extinct, including the nonavian dinosaurs that had ruled unchallenged for 160 million years. But against all odds, a curious sea creature once thought to have perished in this mayhem may have survived the initial fallout. A study published last week in Scientific Reports finds that a population of ammonites, shelled mollusks related to octopuses and squids, survived the extinction for tens of thousands of years. The discovery, in Denmark, overturns prior thinking about how these animals responded to the noxious oceanic conditions caused by the impact…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/against-all-odds-curious-sea-creature-survived-dino-killing-asteroid. For GSS Life and Climate, chapter 9.
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2026-01-08. This ‘Galaxy That Wasn’t’ Never Bore Any Stars. By Katrina Miller, The New York Times. Excerpt: This week, astronomers announced the discovery of a new kind of cosmic object, something that is very nearly a galaxy, save for one crucial, missing ingredient: stars. The almost-galaxy is about 14 million light-years from Earth. It was the ninth cloud found to be associated with a nearby spiral galaxy, leading to its serendipitous name: Cloud-9. The object is starless, consisting of only a haze of hydrogen gas that astronomers believe is swaddled in a much more massive clump of dark matter, the invisible substance that permeates the cosmos and shapes its overarching structure. …Cloud-9 is the first confirmed example of what astronomers call a RELHIC, short for Reionization-Limited H I Cloud and pronounced “relic.” Such objects are rich in gaseous hydrogen but devoid of any stars. They are failed galaxies thought to be nearly as old as time itself, primordial fossils that can help astronomers understand the conditions required for galaxies to grow…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/08/science/cloud-9-starless-dark-galaxy.html. For GSS A Changing Cosmos, chapter 9.
2026-01-08. Tree bark microbes for climate management. By Vincent Gauci, Science. Excerpt: For decades, soil was thought to be the only surface that exchanges trace gases with the atmosphere…soil emits gas when it is saturated with water and absorbs gas when it is not saturated. Tree bark biogeochemistry (life-mediated chemical cycling and exchange between air, water, and land) has been almost completely ignored, despite bark having a global surface area of ~143 million km2, almost as large as the global land surface… Leung et al. report that bark microbes process methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, showing that bark is an important component of global trace gas dynamics. …Over a 100-year period, methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide trap 27.9, 12.8, and 3 times as much heat as carbon dioxide, respectively. Atmospheric methane is responsible for 0.5°C of the global rise in temperature observed since the preindustrial period…. Full article at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec9651. For GSS Ecosystem Change, chapter 4.
2026-01-06. Earthquakes shake nutrients loose in the deep. By Science Adviser. Excerpt: Eighteen hundred meters below Antarctica’s Southern Ocean, a volcanic ridge lined by hydrothermal vents burbles in the dark. As these vents belch out scalding water rich with iron and other compounds, they nourish the microscopic plankton that krill and other crustaceans eat, sustaining a food web that culminates in predators such as penguins and whales. Now, new research reveals these vents can be supercharged by a surprising source: earthquakes. According to a study published last month in Nature Geoscience, earthquakes cause these vents to violently burp up essential nutrients , which travel to the surface and enable the formation of massive plankton blooms. …Each year, the waters above the Australian Antarctic Ridge, at the junction between the Australian and Antarctic tectonic plates, host a bloom that once covered 266,000 square kilometers of ocean (an area about the size of New Zealand). …researchers…found that blooms grew largest when earthquakes of magnitude 5 or greater occurred ahead of the Antarctic phytoplankton’s growing season…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/deep-sea-earthquakes-fuel-huge-plankton-blooms-antarctica. For GSS Ecosystem Change, chapter 2.
2026-01-06. NASA’s Mars Sample Return mission is dead. By Paul Voosen, Science. Excerpt: After years on life support, NASA’s plan to collect martian rocks and ferry them back to Earth has died. Yesterday, Congress released a compromise spending bill for the present financial year that backs the White House’s effort to kill the Mars Sample Return (MSR) program. Although the bill must be passed by both congressional chambers and signed into law, it effectively signals the end of MSR…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-s-mars-sample-return-mission-dead. For GSS A Changing Cosmos, chapter 2.
2026-01-05. After Sackett, a Wisconsin-Sized Wetland Area Is Vulnerable. By Grace van Deelen, Eos/AGU. Excerpt: Three hundred years ago, the central United States was a land of wetlands—more than 150 million hectares of them. All that water made the region highly attractive to farmers, who, over time, converted most of it into agricultural land. For the wetlands that remain, protections secured by the Clean Water Act are often the only thing preventing wetland conversion or development, especially when state protections are weak, said Kylie Wadkowski, a landscape ecohydrologist and doctoral candidate at Stanford University. With wetlands, “you actually can’t do whatever you want,” said Elliott White Jr., a coastal socioecosystem scientist at Stanford University. “That’s how this Sackett case came about.” The Supreme Court’s 2023 Sackett v. EPA decision ruled in favor of two landowners backfilling a lot containing wetlands. The decision changed the definition of the term “waters of the United States”—which is used in the Clean Water Act—to exclude wetlands without continuous surface connections to larger, navigable bodies of water. In November 2025, the Trump administration’s EPA proposed to set new rules for water regulations that may be even looser than the updated Sackett definition. According to research by Wadkowski and White presented on 15 December 2025 at AGU’s Annual Meeting in New Orleans, the changing definition will leave millions of hectares of wetlands unprotected and more vulnerable to development…. Full article at https://eos.org/articles/after-sackett-a-wisconsin-sized-wetland-area-is-vulnerable. For GSS Ecosystem Change, chapter 4.
2026-01-05. A window into better windows. By Science Adviser. Excerpt: If you’ve ever pressed your face up to a windowpane, you know just how bad it is at insulating—both cold and warm temperatures seem to bleed right through! Researchers have now designed a highly insulating, transparent material for more efficient windows. With buildings consuming around 40% of the world’s energy, the technology could be a promising climate solution. Researchers have previously tried to engineer better windows using gas-filled panes, vacuum insulation, and even transparent aerogels. But they’ve all been pricey, difficult to manufacture, and maladapted to different uses. So, a team started from scratch, designing a new class of metamaterials built from interconnected nanoscale polysiloxane tubes. Because structural features of the material—including the diameter of the nanotubes and sizes of the pores between them—were all smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the materials let through 99% of sunlight, the researchers reported in Science. The materials could be manufactured at a range of useful sizes and shapes and insulated on par with or better than double-paned glass. Since windows leak nearly half of a building’s heating and cooling energy, these next-generation windows have the potential for energy, cost, and climate savings. The materials could even trap infrared light, raising their potential for passive, energy-generating windows that use solar energy. The findings “may represent a new class of architectural material that actively manages energy instead of merely conserving it,” wrote photonics researchers Longnan Li and Wei Li…. READ THE SCIENCE PAPER… Full article at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aed1907. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 8.
2026-01-05. Venezuela’s ‘Dirtiest’ Oil and the Environment: Three Things to Know. By Lisa Friedman, The New York Times. Excerpt: Venezuela’s oil reserves, thought to be the largest in the world at an estimated 300 billion barrels, are notable not just for scale. Most of the oil found there is among the dirtiest type, with high sulfur and low hydrogen content. …the country is vulnerable to oil spills, it has one of the fastest deforestation rates in the tropics and the production of its oil generates more planet-warming greenhouse gases than most other types of crude oil…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/05/climate/venezuela-dirty-oil.html. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 3.
2026-01-02. Marine Heat Waves Can Exacerbate Heat and Humidity over Land. By Sarah Derouin, Eos/AGU. Excerpt: Researchers found the unprecedented 2023 East Asian marine heat wave increased land temperatures and humidity by up to 50%…. Full article at https://eos.org/research-spotlights/marine-heat-waves-can-exacerbate-heat-and-humidity-over-land. For GSS Climate Change, chapter 8.
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2026-01-03. How Kazakhstan Aims to Tap More Oil Riches Below Its Grassy Plains. By Stanley Reed, The New York Times. Excerpt: More than two miles below the windswept steppe of western Kazakhstan, porous rocks composed of the skeletons of coral and other ancient marine life form the matrix for one of the world’s most prolific oil fields. Tengiz, as the field is known, has been producing oil for more than three decades, helping to nurture Kazakhstan, Central Asia’s largest economy. The oil field has also contributed handsomely to the earnings of Chevron, the American oil giant, which owns 50 percent of the company that operates Tengiz, known as Tengizchevroil, or TCO. The participation of Chevron and Exxon Mobil in TCO and other projects in Kazakhstan also provides the country, which shares a 4,750-mile border with Russia, with an important tie to the United States. …Recently, Ukraine has attacked the main oil export route from Kazakhstan through Russia, a 940-mile pipeline that includes flows from the Tengiz field, as part of an effort to crimp Moscow’s earnings from energy. …Typically, output from oil fields declines over time, but Tengiz is far from depleted. …According to TCO, the field contains 25 billion barrels of oil. Korolev, an adjacent field that would be considered very large almost anywhere else, contains another 1.6 billion barrels…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/03/business/chevron-kazakhstan-oil.html. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 3.
2026-01-02. As deep-sea mining race ramps up, mission will assess whether ecosystems recover afterward. By Christian Elliott, Science. Excerpt: In 2021, a 10-meter-long robotic vehicle called Patania II trundled along the sea floor in the eastern Pacific Ocean, some 4 kilometers below the surface. Suction heads slurped up potato-size polymetallic nodules and pumped them up hoses to a ship at the surface. It was the first test of industrial-scale mining equipment in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a 5-million-square-kilometer expanse that’s littered with valuable chunks of metal—and is at the heart of the debate over whether companies should be allowed to mine the deep sea. At the surface, a research ship followed, using remotely operated vehicles and other oceanographic sensors to monitor what was left in the machine’s wake. The data it collected painted a stark picture of the immediate damage deep-sea mining causes to the rich but little-known fauna of the abyss. Now, 5 years later, researchers in Europe’s MiningImpact projects plan to head back to the Patania II test site and other locations in the CCZ to assess longer term impacts on deep-sea communities, and how long it might take them to recover…. Full article at https://www.science.org/content/article/deep-sea-mining-race-ramps-mission-will-assess-whether-ecosystems-recover-afterward. For GSS Losing Biodiversity, chapter 7.
2026-01-02. China’s BYD Surpasses Tesla as World Leader in Electric Car Sales. By Jack Ewing, The New York Times. Excerpt: Tesla has lost its status as the world’s biggest seller of electric vehicles after Congress and President Trump eliminated the federal tax credits that had encouraged Americans to buy those cars. The company’s car sales declined 16 percent in the last three months of 2025, Tesla said on Friday. And its sales for the full year declined 9 percent even as other automakers notched gains. In 2025, for the first year ever, the company sold fewer electric cars than China’s leading automaker, BYD…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/02/business/tesla-electric-vehicles-fourth-quarter-sales.html. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 9.
2026-01-02. Offshore Wind Projects Challenge Trump Administration’s Order to Stop Work. By Lisa Friedman, The New York Times. Excerpt: Developers of five offshore wind farms that were ordered last week by the Trump administration to halt construction are suing to restart work on at least three of the projects. The Interior Department on Dec. 22 ordered companies to halt work on five wind farms in various stages of construction along the East Coast. They were: Sunrise Wind and Empire Wind, both off the coast of New York; Revolution Wind off Rhode Island and Connecticut; Vineyard Wind 1 off the coast of Massachusetts; and Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind off Virginia. The administration cited unspecified national security concerns about the projects. On Thursday, Orsted, the Danish energy giant that is building Revolution Wind, filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. On Friday Equinor, the developer of Empire Wind, did the same…. Full article at https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/02/climate/trump-offshore-wind-lawsuit-national-security.html. For GSS Energy Use, chapter 10.
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2025-05-00. TEMPLATE. By . Excerpt: … Full article at URL. For GSS BOOK, chapter .
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